Question 5
Domain 1 — Privacy Governance and Program ManagementWhich types of controls need to be applied to ensure accuracy at all stages of processing, storage, and deletion throughout the data life cycle?
Correct answer: D
Explanation
Integrity controls are used to preserve data accuracy and completeness across the entire data life cycle. They apply to "processing, storage, and deletion" so information remains unaltered, reliable, and protected from unauthorized or accidental changes.
Why each option is right or wrong
A. Processing ow controls
Flow controls govern movement or sequencing of processing, not overall data accuracy across the life cycle.
B. Time-based controls
Time-based controls focus on timing, retention, or scheduling rather than preserving correctness and completeness.
C. Purpose limitation controls
Purpose limitation restricts data use to intended purposes, not whether data stays accurate.
D. Integrity controls
Integrity controls are the safeguards that preserve data accuracy and completeness from creation through processing, storage, and deletion, so they are the controls used when the question asks for protection of data at every stage of the life cycle. In practice, these controls include validation checks, hashing/checksums, and change-control mechanisms to detect or prevent unauthorized alteration, corruption, or loss of records.